In human eye the focussing system is formed of cornea and lens. This system focuses light rays which fall on the surface of the retina and create vision. A refractive error is a blurred image caused by a mismatch of the power of the cornea and the lens. The primary types of refractive errors are: Myopia, Hyperopia and Astigmatism. In myopia distant objects become lured though nearer objects look perfectly clear. In hyperopia the condition is reversed. The nearer objects become blurred while the distant objects appear to relatively clearer. Finally in astigmatism both nearer and distant objects appear to be blurred due to distortion of cornea and lens shape.
How vision changes with age?
As we age the lenses in our eye become stiff and there is loss of accommodation, which is inability to change shape and power of shape to focus of nearer on objects. This condition is known as presbyopia and this calls for the need of wearing reading glasses, bifocals and other visual aids. LASIK is used to improve such conditions by creating blended vision or monovision (one eye is corrected for distant vision and the other is corrected for nearer vision). However the process cannot remove loss of accommodation entirely, it can only help to improve the condition.
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What is LASIK eye surgery?
LASIK or laser in situ keratomileusis is a refractive eye surgery to correct vision problems such as myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism. LASIK literally means laser underneath a corneal flap for the process of keratomileusis i.e. reshaping of the cornea. Cornea is the transparent covering of the eye. In the LASIK procedure highly specialized lasers known as excimer laser are used to change the shape of the cornea thereby correcting vision. LASIK makes uses spectacles and contact lenses redundant.
How does LASIK eye surgery work?
The LASIK technique was invented by Columbia-based Spanish ophthalmologist Jose Barraquer in 1950. But the development of the procedure is credited to Greek ophthalmologist Dr. Pallikaris.
In the procedure an eye surgeon uses a microkeratome to create a corneal flap which is thin, precise and hinged. The flap is then pulled back to uncover the corneal tissue. The excimerlaser reshapes the cornea in a unique pattern. The pattern is pre-specified for each patient. Finally the corneal flap is gently moved back to cover the cornea.
How does LASIK differ from the way glasses and contact lenses improve eyesight?
Glasses and contact lenses do not change the shape of cornea or lense, but compensate for the loss of accommodation by adjusting the bending of light rays in a way that it complements the refractive error of the eye and creates clear images. In other words, glasses and lenses use complementary refraction to overcome the refraction of the eye. But Lasik is a surgical process involving the reshaping of the cornea and thereby correct refractive error to a certain extent. Lasik decreases the need for using spectacles and thereby enhances visual appearance.
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What is refractive error?
